Degenerative disc disease (DDD)

Our world-leading spinal specialists treat the pain caused by a worn spinal disc.

Find a consultant

Enquiries & Appointments

020 7079 4344

020 7079 4344

Spinal and peripheral nerve

What is degenerative disc disease?

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is caused by wear-and-tear on a spinal disc in the lower back and neck. The condition usually causes low-level chronic back pain, with episodes of weakness, numbness, and shooting pains in the arms or legs.

Need to know

DDD happens when the discs between our vertebrae age over time, losing their flexibility, elasticity and ability to absorb shocks. It can affect any part of the spine but often starts in the areas of the spine we use the most — the neck (cervical spine) and lower back (lumbar spine). DDD can be associated with a dull, continuous pain in the back, or even episodic severe pain lasting a few days to a few weeks.

Other symptoms include:

  • Increased pain when you move
  • Feeling as though your spine isn't supporting you
  • Sharp pain in the shoulder, arm or hand or the hips, buttocks or leg
  • Pain when standing too long - muscle spasms.

There are a number of ways to diagnose degenerative disc disease.


  • Physical and subjective examination: your doctor will examine your spine in the first instance and discuss the types of pain you’ve been having.
  • MRI scan: this displays the soft tissues in your spine and can highlight a bulging or worn disc. It can confirm a formal diagnosis of degenerative disc disease in the neck or lower back and help when planning corrective surgery.

There are a number of ways to diagnose degenerative disc disease.


  • Physical and subjective examination: your doctor will examine your spine in the first instance and discuss the types of pain you’ve been having.
  • MRI scan: this displays the soft tissues in your spine and can highlight a bulging or worn disc. It can confirm a formal diagnosis of degenerative disc disease in the neck or lower back and help when planning corrective surgery

This content is intended for general information only and does not replace the need for personal advice from a qualified health professional.